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Sunday, October 04, 2009

TRANSCRANIAL ELECTRIC STIMULATION

Like heart studies, brain electric activity is studied for years. It is also known that meditation induces changes in patterns of cerebral electric waves. Based on the precedent thing it is sought to institute electric treatments by means of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) altering the brain function with electric impulses of low voltage, driven by superficial electrodes near the motor cortex. achieving volunteers to execute slow movements, improve their touch or evoke visual perceptions depending of the frequency of electric stimulation. With the variant Alternating Current Transcranial Stimulation (TACS), researchers of the University College London, achieved volunteers to mobilize their arms slowly while struggled to locate circles in screens of PCs. The TACS is non invasive neurotechnology that transfers painless electricity through the intact skull.

The TACS uses alternating sinusoidal current of low voltage: theta (4-8 Hz), alpha (8-14 Hz), beta (14-22 Hz) and gamma (>30 Hz), equalized to intrinsic cerebral rhythm. During experiments brain waves associated to lingering tonic contractions and to those of phase REM (dream stadium), were measured, needing the volunteers 10% of but activity beta before the execution of deliberate movements. In illnesses like Alzheimer, Huntigton, where the activity beta is high the TACS, would be of utility. This technique also improve verbal fluency, cognitive deterioration, chronic pain, tinnitus and will be useful in stroke rehabilitation, schizophrenia, epilepsy and depression. It has few side effects: rare cases of inductions of epileptic attacks, skin rash, etc.
ESTIMULACION TRANSCRANEAL

Al igual que la cardiaca, la actividad eléctrica cerebral es estudiada desde hace años. Además se sabe que la meditación induce cambios en patrones de ondas eléctricas cerebrales. Basados en lo precedente se pretenden instituir tratamientos eléctricos mediante Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) alterando la función cerebral con impulsos eléctricos de bajo voltaje, conducidos por electrodos superficiales cerca de la corteza motora, logrando que voluntarios ejecuten movimientos lentos, mejoren su sentido del tacto o evoquen percepciones visuales dependientes de la frecuencia de estimulación eléctrica. Con la variante Alternating Current Transcranial Stimulation (TACS), investigadores del University College London, lograron que voluntarios movilizaran sus brazos lentamente mientras pugnaban por ubicar círculos en pantallas de PCs. La TACS es neurotecnologia no invasiva que transfiere electricidad indolora a través del cráneo intacto.

La TACS usa corriente alterna sinusoidal de baja amplitud :theta (4-8 Hz), alfa (8-14 Hz), beta (14-22 Hz) y gamma (>30 Hz), igualadas al ritmo intrinseco cerebral. Durante los experimentos también se midieron ondas cerebrales asociadas a contracciones tónicas prolongadas y a las de fase REM (estadio del sueño), necesitando los voluntarios 10% de mas actividad beta antes de la ejecucion de movimientos deliberados. En enfermedades como Alzheimer, Huntigton, donde la actividad beta es alta la tACS, seria de utilidad. Esta técnica también mejora la fluencia verbal, el deterioro cognitivo, el dolor crónico, tinnitus, rehabilitación post accidentes cerebrovasculares, equizofrenia, epilepsia y depresión. Tiene pocos efectos colaterales :raros casos de inducciones de ataques epilépticos, rash de piel, etc.

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